Kurt Osburn, Healthcare Practice Director at global cyber security company NCC Group

The landscape of cyber security in the healthcare sector has seen significant upheaval in recent years, marked by a dramatic rise in data breaches and increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks across the industry. According to a report in the HIPAA Journal June 20, 2024 there were 725 data breaches reported in the US and more than 133 million records were exposed or disclosed without permission.  Between January 1, 2018 and September 30,2023  there has been a 239% increase in hacking related breaches and a 278% increase in ransomware attacks. This worrying trend underscores the urgent need for robust cyber security measures in an industry that holds critical, sensitive information about patients and staff.

The high stakes of healthcare data

Healthcare data is an attractive target for cybercriminals due to its multifaceted value. Personal Health Information (PHI) can be exploited for blackmail, identity theft, and fraudulent activities, making it more valuable than credit card information on the black market. Unlike financial data, health records are rich with details that are difficult to change—such as medical history, biometric data, and personal identifiers—providing a treasure trove for criminals.

Increasing sophistication of attacks

Cyberattacks on healthcare systems are not only becoming more frequent but also more sophisticated. Attackers are constantly developing new strategies and technologies to infiltrate hospital systems, making it challenging for healthcare providers to stay ahead. The increasing complexity of hospital environments further complicates this task. With a multitude of interconnected devices and systems, each potential point of entry must be diligently protected.

The rise of mobile devices has added another layer of complexity. Patients and healthcare professionals alike are now accustomed to accessing health records and managing care via smartphones and tablets. While this mobile integration improves accessibility and convenience, it also introduces new vulnerabilities. Every mobile device accessing a healthcare network can potentially be a gateway for cybercriminals.

The proliferation of connected medical devices

Another critical factor contributing to the cyber security challenge in healthcare is the growing number of medical devices connected to the internet. These devices, which often store and transmit PHI, are essential for modern medical care but can be weak links in security if not properly safeguarded. Each connected device represents a potential entry point for attackers, and securing these devices is crucial to protecting patient data.

AI and machine learning: A double-edged sword

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning in healthcare can offer immense benefits, from improved diagnostics to personalised treatment plans. However, these technologies also present new risks. AI systems can be manipulated to identify and extract PHI quickly, potentially passing this sensitive information to threat actors. Moreover, the same algorithms designed to enhance healthcare can be turned against it, used to orchestrate more effective and widespread cyberattacks.

Strategies for strengthening cybersecurity

In response to these growing threats, healthcare providers must adopt a multifaceted approach to cyber security. This includes:

1. Enhanced security protocols: Regularly updating and patching systems to address vulnerabilities.

2. Comprehensive training: Ensuring all staff are aware of cyber security best practices and recognising attempts to steal data – such as phishing emails, fraudulent emails which mimic a trusted body or individual in an attempt to steal sensitive information. 

3. Advanced monitoring tools: Implementing sophisticated monitoring solutions to detect and respond to threats in real-time.

4. Robust encryption: Encrypting data both in transit and at rest to protect it from unauthorised access.

5. Securing mobile and connected devices: Implementing stringent security measures for all devices connected to the network, including mobile and medical devices.

Looking ahead

The healthcare sector must remain vigilant and proactive in its approach to cyber security. As cyber threats continue to evolve, so too must the strategies to combat them. This includes staying informed about the latest developments in cyber threats, investing in cutting-edge security technologies, and fostering a culture of security awareness among all healthcare workers. The stakes are high, but with a concerted and strategic effort, the healthcare sector can mitigate risks and navigate the complexities of modern cybersecurity.